What term describes a condition that is free from contamination by harmful microorganisms?

The term that best describes a condition that is free from contamination by harmful microorganisms is "sterile." Sterility refers to the complete absence of all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, which is crucial in medical settings, especially when performing surgeries or handling sterile instruments.

While "aseptic" might seem relevant as it also relates to preventing infection by maintaining a clean environment, it specifically pertains to techniques or practices used to eliminate the chances of contamination. Aseptic procedures are focused on preventing pathogens from coming into contact with sterile areas but do not imply that those areas are entirely free of all microorganisms.

"Sanitized" indicates that surfaces have been cleaned to reduce the number of pathogens to a safe level, which is not synonymous with being free from contamination. It suggests a reduced presence rather than complete elimination.

"Disinfected" refers to the process of using chemicals to eradicate a significant number of pathogens on surfaces. While disinfectants are effective at reducing microbial presence, they do not guarantee the complete absence of all microorganisms, thus differing from the concept of sterility.

Therefore, the precise term for a condition entirely free of contaminants is "sterile."