Which condition is characterized by the deposition of lipids in arterial walls, leading to narrowing or closure of the arteries?

Atherosclerosis is the correct condition that is characterized by the deposition of lipids, such as cholesterol, in the walls of arteries. This process leads to the formation of plaques, which narrow the arterial lumen and can eventually result in a significant restriction or closure of the arteries.

As these plaques grow, the flow of blood can be restricted, potentially leading to serious cardiovascular issues such as heart attacks or strokes. The buildup of lipids in the arterial walls is a critical feature of this condition, as it sets the foundation for the progression of atherosclerosis.

Other conditions mentioned, while related to cardiovascular health, have different mechanisms. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, refers to the force of blood against the artery walls but does not specifically involve lipid deposition. Coronary artery disease is often a result of atherosclerosis but appears more directly as the condition affecting the heart's arteries themselves. Diabetes mellitus, although it can contribute to atherosclerosis due to other metabolic effects, is a different condition primarily characterized by issues related to insulin and blood glucose levels.